What is behind fare evasion in urban bus systems? An econometric approach
Dublin Core
Tipo
Zotero
Tipo de elemento
Journal Article
DOI
10.1016/j.tra.2015.10.008
ISSN
0965-8564
Abstract Note
Fare evasion is a problem in many public transport systems around the world and policies to reduce it are generally aimed at improving control and increasing fines. We use an econometric approach to attempt explaining the high levels of evasion in Santiago, Chile, and guide public policy formulation to reduce this problem. In particular, a negative binomial count regression model allowed us to find that fare evasion rates on buses increase as: (i) more people board (or alight) at a given bus door, (ii) more passengers board by a rear door, (iii) buses have higher occupancy levels (and more doors) and (iv) passengers experience longer headways. By controlling these variables (ceteris paribus), results indicate that evasion is greater during the afternoon and evening, but it is not clear that it is higher during peak hours. Regarding socioeconomic variables, we found that fare evasion at bus stops located in higher income areas (municipalities) is significantly lower than in more deprived areas. Finally, based on our results we identified five main methods to address evasion as alternatives to more dedicated fine enforcement or increased inspection; (i) increasing the bus fleet, (ii) improving the bus headway regularity, (iii) implementing off-board payment stations, (iv) changing the payment system on board and (v) changing the bus design (number of doors or capacity). Our model provides a powerful tool to predict the reduction of fare evasion due to the implementation of some of these five operational strategies, and can be applied to other bus public transport systems.
Access Date
2015-12-28 21:50:45
Journal Abbreviation
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
Library Catalog
ScienceDirect
Publication Title
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
Short Title
What is behind fare evasion in urban bus systems?
Título
What is behind fare evasion in urban bus systems? An econometric approach
URL
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096585641500258X
Attachment Title
ScienceDirect Snapshot
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Citación
Pablo Guarda et al., “What is behind fare evasion in urban bus systems? An econometric approach,” Omeka para Cedeus, consulta 30 de noviembre de 2023, http://pubs.cedeus.cl/omeka/document/65.
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